Kuma kamar yadda muka gani, tun bayyanar wannan akida ta Iban Taimiyya muka ga yadda ya fuskanci kalu bale daga manyan malaman zamaninsa, wannan ne ya sanya aka kyamaci wannan akida tasa,
Lambar Labari: 276
Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab
A bahsin da ya gabata mun yi bayani a kan cewa, wannan akida ta Ibn Taimiyya ta bayyana ne a lokacin da al’ummar musulmi suke fuskantar tsananin hare-hare daga gabas da yamma a hannun kiristoci da Magul, wato lokacin da suke tsananin bukatuwa zuwa ga hadin kai a kan akidar da ta hada su wato akidun addinin na asali kamar imani da Allah da Manzonsa, ranar lahira da sauransu.
To ana cikin wannan hali ne wanda ko abin da Ibn Taimiyya yake fada yana da inganci to muna iya cewa ya zo da wannan kira nasa wanda ya raba kan al’umma a lokacin da yake mawuyacin hali ga musulmi. Duk da cewa kamar yadda muka gani a baya daga manyan malamai da suka yi magana a kan wadannan akidu nasa, kuma kamar yadda zamu gani a nan gaba dangane da wannan akida akwai maganganu masu yawa a kan rashin ingancinta.
Kuma kamar yadda muka gani, tun bayyanar wannan akida ta Iban Taimiyya muka ga yadda ya fuskanci kalu bale daga manyan malaman zamaninsa, wannan ne ya sanya aka kyamaci wannan akida tasa, wato bata samu karbuwa ba daga al’ummar musulmi. Amma abin bakin ciki bayan wucewar karni biyar da bayyanar Ibn Taimiyya sai wannan akida ta sake bayyana ta hanun wani malami mai suna Muhammda Bn Abdul Wahab, wato ya sake farfado da wannan akida wacce take raba kan al’ummar musulmi ta yadda abin zai kai ga kashe-kashe a tsakaninsu.
Jefa Rarraba Tsakanin Musulmi A Mafi Mawuyacin Hali
Abin bakin ciki kamar yadda ya kasance Ibn Taimiyya ya zo da wannan akida tasa a lokacin da musulmi suke tsananin bukatuwa zuwa ga hadin kai, haka nan Bn Abdul wahab shi ma ya sake jaddada wannan akida yayin da musulmi suke tsananin bukatar hadin kai, muna ma iya cewa wannan lokacin ya fi zama mawuyacin hali a kan zamani Ibn Taimiyya.
Yada wannan akida ta Ibn Taimiyya ta hanyar Muhammad Bn Adulwahab wacce ta haka ne ake yi wa wannan akida lakabi da wahabiyanci. Sun ci gaba ta yada wannan akida a cikin garuruwan Najad da sauran garuruwan Hijaz kamar su Iraki, Yaman, Sham da dai sauransu, tare da taimakon wasu manyan kabilun Najad. A farkon karni na sha uku wato karni na sha tara na miladiyya wannan al’amari ya auku a wadannan garuruwa. A wannan zamanin ne musulmi suke fuskantar tsananin hare-hare na ‘yan mulkin mallakan kiristoci.
Turawan Birtaniya da karfin tuwo suka kwaci wani bangare mai yawa na India wanda yake a karkashin ikon musulmi wanda ya hada garuruwan Kabul da sauran sassan kasashen tekun farisa ta yadda ya hada har da kasar Iran.
Haka nan Turawan Faransa karkashin jagorancin Naflion suka kama Garuwan Sham da Misra da Palasdin.
Haka nan Turawan Rusia wadanda suke da’war rikon Kanbun shugaban kiristoci a wannan zamani suma suna cikin yunkuri domin kama garuruwan Iran da sauran inda daular Usamaniyya take iko, wato daga Kustantaniyya zuwa abin da ya kai palasdin har zuwa garuruwan Tekun Farisa. Ta haka ne suka yi nufin kama garuruwan Iran da duk wasu garuruwan daular Usmaniyya da suke cikin kasashen turai da wani bangare na Rusia (Kafakaz).
Ta bangare guda kuma Amerikawa suma suna da kwadayin kama wasu daga cikin garururwan musulmi kamar wasu kasahsen arewancin Afrika sakamakon haka ne suka kai hare-hare zuwa Libiya inda suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a kan garuruwan Kasar Libiya da Algeriya domin su samu iko a kan kasashen musulmi. Haka nan ta bangare guda yakoki na faruwa tsakanin Kasar Otrish da daular Usmaniyya a kan kasar Saberiya tare da taimakon jirgin yakin ruwan Kasar Holand da Birtaniya yayin da suka kewaye kasar Algeriya, duk wannan abu ya faru ne a wannan zamani.
A wannan lokaci ne da musulmi suke tsananin bukatar hadin kai domin su fuskanci wannann barazana ta makiyansu, kwatsam sai Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab ya tashi domin yada wannan akida da take raba kan al’ummar musulmi. Yayin da ya zargi musulmi da laifin neman ceto daga waliyyan Allah da ziyarar kaburburan waliyyai, yayin da yake ganin wannan aiki shirka ne kuma yana wajabta a kashe wanda yake yin wannan aiki. A wannan lokaci ne ya kira wasu daga cikin larabawan kauye domin su tashi su yaki garuruwan da musulmin Sunna da Shi’a suke zaune ta yadda zasu kashe su sannan su kwashe dukiyoyinsu a matsayin ganimar yaki da kafirai domin kawai suna ziyarar waliyyai kuma suna neman ceto daga garesu.
Abin da yake da wuyar fahimta a cikin wannan al’amari kuwa shi ne, yaduwar wannan fatawa ta Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab a matsayin fatawar malami fakihi ta yadda yake kafirta musulmi duniya da kwadaitar da mabiyansa a kan yakar musulmi da kwashe dukiyoyinsu a mastayin ganimar yaki domin tuhumarsu da yake a matsayin mushirikai, kuma masu bautar gumaka. Wanda wannan aiki na Bn Adulwahab ya kwashe tsawon wadannan karnoni guda biyu na karshe da muke cikinsu, wanda wannan fatawa tasa wani abu ne wanda yake sabo a cikin al’ummar musulmi.
A cikin littafinsa mai suna (Kashfu shubhat) yana cewa: "Wadanda suke daukar Mala’iku da annabawa a matsayin masu ceto ko wadanda zasu kusantar da su zuwa ga Ubangiji, to lallai wadannan jininsu ya halatta kuma ya halatta a kashe su” (Kashfu shubhat shafi 58-87 bugun darul kalam).
Mugun abun da yake cikin wannan akida ko mazhabar wahabiyanci yana iya bayyana a ta’addanci da yake faruwa a Pakistan da Afganistan a yau, wanda yake wani abu mai ban al’ajabi kuma mai wuyar fahimta.
A nan zamu yi bincike ne a kan rayuwar Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab wanda yake shi ne mujaddadin wannan akida ta wahabiyanci wacce ta samo asalinta daga Ibn Taimiyya, sannan mu yi bayanin akidojin wannan mazhaba ta wahabiyanci.
Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab an haife shi a shekara ta 1115BH a garin Uyaina wanda yake gari ne a yankin Najad da ke kasar Saudiyya. Mahifinsa kuwa shi ne Abdulwahab wanda mutumimn kirki ne mai tsoron Allah, sannan kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin alkalan wannan yanki. Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab ya koyi fikihun Hambaliyya a garinsu wato Uyaina. Sannan ya tafi Madina domin karo ilimi, a can ne fa ya ci gaba da koyon hadisi da fikihu.
A lokacin da yake karatunsa a garin Madina ya kasanshe a na jin wasu kalamai wadanda suke hikayar wata sabuwar akida, sakamakon haka ne malamansa suka damu a kan abin da zai faru daga gareshi a nan gaba, suna cewa: Idan har wannan mutum ya ci gaba da kira zuwa ga addini to tabbas zai batar da mutane” (Jamilu sidki Azzahawi:Fajrus sadik shafi na: 17, Sayyid Ahmad zaini Adahlani :Fitanatul Wahabiyanci shafi na :66).
Bayan wani lokaci Muhammad Bn Abdul wahab ya bar Madina zuwa wasu garuruwan musulmi a inda ya yi shekara hudu a Basra sannan ya yi shekara biyar a Bagdad sannan ya yi shekara daya a garuruwan kurdawa, sannan ya yi sheka biyu a Hamadan. Bayan wani lokaci kuma ya bar nan ya koma Isfahan ya zauna can sannan ya wuce Kom ya zauna a can zuwa wani lokaci. Sannan ya bar nan zuwa Basra wanda a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Basra ne ya tsaya a garin Ihsa, daga nan ne kuma ya tafi Huraima inda yake nan ne garin da babansa yake zaune.
Duk tsawon lokacin da mahaifinsa yake raye bai cika yin magana ba, sai dai wani lokaci jayayya takan kama tsakaninsa da mahaifinsa. Amma bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1153BH sai ya yaye hijabin da ya rufe akidunsa (Alusi Tarihin Bagdad shafi na 111- 113).
Kiran da Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab ya fara yi duk ya rikita al’ummar garin Huraima, abin da ya tilasta masa barin wannan gari zuwa garin Uyaina wanda yake a can ne aka haife shi sai ya koma can domin ya zauna a wannan gari. Ya kasance ya samu alaka da hakimin wannan gari na wannan lokaci wato Usman Bn Ma’amar ta yadda ya gabatar masa da wannan sabuwar akida tasa ya kuma neme shi da ya taimake shi wajen yada wannan akida tasa. Amma ba da dadewa ba sai Hakimin Ihsa wanda yake sama da hakimin Uyaina yake ya nuna rashin jin dadinsa a kan wannan aiki nasa. Sannan ya ba shi umarni da ya fitar da Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab daga wannan gari.
Sakamakon ya zamar wa Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab tilas a kan ya zabi gari na uku domin ya zauna can, sai ya kama hanyar garin Dir’iyya wato garin da Muhammad Bn Sa’ud yake mulki wanda yake kaka ne ga Ali Sa’ud.
Bn Abdulwahab ya gabatar da da’awarsa ga hakimin wannan gari, kuma suka kulla alkawari a kan cewa Bn Abdulwahab zai dauki bangare malanta yayin da shi kuwa sarkin gari zai dauki abin da ya shafi mulkin gari. Domin su kara karfin wannan dangantaka sai suka samar da alakar aure a tsakaninsu.
Ibrahim Muhammad Sa'id
+989368244976, +2348068985568
Ibraheemsaeedkano@gmail.com,
A bahsin da ya gabata mun yi bayani a kan cewa, wannan akida ta Ibn Taimiyya ta bayyana ne a lokacin da al’ummar musulmi suke fuskantar tsananin hare-hare daga gabas da yamma a hannun kiristoci da Magul, wato lokacin da suke tsananin bukatuwa zuwa ga hadin kai a kan akidar da ta hada su wato akidun addinin na asali kamar imani da Allah da Manzonsa, ranar lahira da sauransu.
To ana cikin wannan hali ne wanda ko abin da Ibn Taimiyya yake fada yana da inganci to muna iya cewa ya zo da wannan kira nasa wanda ya raba kan al’umma a lokacin da yake mawuyacin hali ga musulmi. Duk da cewa kamar yadda muka gani a baya daga manyan malamai da suka yi magana a kan wadannan akidu nasa, kuma kamar yadda zamu gani a nan gaba dangane da wannan akida akwai maganganu masu yawa a kan rashin ingancinta.
Kuma kamar yadda muka gani, tun bayyanar wannan akida ta Iban Taimiyya muka ga yadda ya fuskanci kalu bale daga manyan malaman zamaninsa, wannan ne ya sanya aka kyamaci wannan akida tasa, wato bata samu karbuwa ba daga al’ummar musulmi. Amma abin bakin ciki bayan wucewar karni biyar da bayyanar Ibn Taimiyya sai wannan akida ta sake bayyana ta hanun wani malami mai suna Muhammda Bn Abdul Wahab, wato ya sake farfado da wannan akida wacce take raba kan al’ummar musulmi ta yadda abin zai kai ga kashe-kashe a tsakaninsu.
Jefa Rarraba Tsakanin Musulmi A Mafi Mawuyacin Hali
Abin bakin ciki kamar yadda ya kasance Ibn Taimiyya ya zo da wannan akida tasa a lokacin da musulmi suke tsananin bukatuwa zuwa ga hadin kai, haka nan Bn Abdul wahab shi ma ya sake jaddada wannan akida yayin da musulmi suke tsananin bukatar hadin kai, muna ma iya cewa wannan lokacin ya fi zama mawuyacin hali a kan zamani Ibn Taimiyya.
Yada wannan akida ta Ibn Taimiyya ta hanyar Muhammad Bn Adulwahab wacce ta haka ne ake yi wa wannan akida lakabi da wahabiyanci. Sun ci gaba ta yada wannan akida a cikin garuruwan Najad da sauran garuruwan Hijaz kamar su Iraki, Yaman, Sham da dai sauransu, tare da taimakon wasu manyan kabilun Najad. A farkon karni na sha uku wato karni na sha tara na miladiyya wannan al’amari ya auku a wadannan garuruwa. A wannan zamanin ne musulmi suke fuskantar tsananin hare-hare na ‘yan mulkin mallakan kiristoci.
Turawan Birtaniya da karfin tuwo suka kwaci wani bangare mai yawa na India wanda yake a karkashin ikon musulmi wanda ya hada garuruwan Kabul da sauran sassan kasashen tekun farisa ta yadda ya hada har da kasar Iran.
Haka nan Turawan Faransa karkashin jagorancin Naflion suka kama Garuwan Sham da Misra da Palasdin.
Haka nan Turawan Rusia wadanda suke da’war rikon Kanbun shugaban kiristoci a wannan zamani suma suna cikin yunkuri domin kama garuruwan Iran da sauran inda daular Usamaniyya take iko, wato daga Kustantaniyya zuwa abin da ya kai palasdin har zuwa garuruwan Tekun Farisa. Ta haka ne suka yi nufin kama garuruwan Iran da duk wasu garuruwan daular Usmaniyya da suke cikin kasashen turai da wani bangare na Rusia (Kafakaz).
Ta bangare guda kuma Amerikawa suma suna da kwadayin kama wasu daga cikin garururwan musulmi kamar wasu kasahsen arewancin Afrika sakamakon haka ne suka kai hare-hare zuwa Libiya inda suka yi ruwan bama-bamai a kan garuruwan Kasar Libiya da Algeriya domin su samu iko a kan kasashen musulmi. Haka nan ta bangare guda yakoki na faruwa tsakanin Kasar Otrish da daular Usmaniyya a kan kasar Saberiya tare da taimakon jirgin yakin ruwan Kasar Holand da Birtaniya yayin da suka kewaye kasar Algeriya, duk wannan abu ya faru ne a wannan zamani.
A wannan lokaci ne da musulmi suke tsananin bukatar hadin kai domin su fuskanci wannann barazana ta makiyansu, kwatsam sai Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab ya tashi domin yada wannan akida da take raba kan al’ummar musulmi. Yayin da ya zargi musulmi da laifin neman ceto daga waliyyan Allah da ziyarar kaburburan waliyyai, yayin da yake ganin wannan aiki shirka ne kuma yana wajabta a kashe wanda yake yin wannan aiki. A wannan lokaci ne ya kira wasu daga cikin larabawan kauye domin su tashi su yaki garuruwan da musulmin Sunna da Shi’a suke zaune ta yadda zasu kashe su sannan su kwashe dukiyoyinsu a matsayin ganimar yaki da kafirai domin kawai suna ziyarar waliyyai kuma suna neman ceto daga garesu.
Abin da yake da wuyar fahimta a cikin wannan al’amari kuwa shi ne, yaduwar wannan fatawa ta Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab a matsayin fatawar malami fakihi ta yadda yake kafirta musulmi duniya da kwadaitar da mabiyansa a kan yakar musulmi da kwashe dukiyoyinsu a mastayin ganimar yaki domin tuhumarsu da yake a matsayin mushirikai, kuma masu bautar gumaka. Wanda wannan aiki na Bn Adulwahab ya kwashe tsawon wadannan karnoni guda biyu na karshe da muke cikinsu, wanda wannan fatawa tasa wani abu ne wanda yake sabo a cikin al’ummar musulmi.
A cikin littafinsa mai suna (Kashfu shubhat) yana cewa: "Wadanda suke daukar Mala’iku da annabawa a matsayin masu ceto ko wadanda zasu kusantar da su zuwa ga Ubangiji, to lallai wadannan jininsu ya halatta kuma ya halatta a kashe su” (Kashfu shubhat shafi 58-87 bugun darul kalam).
Mugun abun da yake cikin wannan akida ko mazhabar wahabiyanci yana iya bayyana a ta’addanci da yake faruwa a Pakistan da Afganistan a yau, wanda yake wani abu mai ban al’ajabi kuma mai wuyar fahimta.
A nan zamu yi bincike ne a kan rayuwar Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab wanda yake shi ne mujaddadin wannan akida ta wahabiyanci wacce ta samo asalinta daga Ibn Taimiyya, sannan mu yi bayanin akidojin wannan mazhaba ta wahabiyanci.
Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab an haife shi a shekara ta 1115BH a garin Uyaina wanda yake gari ne a yankin Najad da ke kasar Saudiyya. Mahifinsa kuwa shi ne Abdulwahab wanda mutumimn kirki ne mai tsoron Allah, sannan kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin alkalan wannan yanki. Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab ya koyi fikihun Hambaliyya a garinsu wato Uyaina. Sannan ya tafi Madina domin karo ilimi, a can ne fa ya ci gaba da koyon hadisi da fikihu.
A lokacin da yake karatunsa a garin Madina ya kasanshe a na jin wasu kalamai wadanda suke hikayar wata sabuwar akida, sakamakon haka ne malamansa suka damu a kan abin da zai faru daga gareshi a nan gaba, suna cewa: Idan har wannan mutum ya ci gaba da kira zuwa ga addini to tabbas zai batar da mutane” (Jamilu sidki Azzahawi:Fajrus sadik shafi na: 17, Sayyid Ahmad zaini Adahlani :Fitanatul Wahabiyanci shafi na :66).
Bayan wani lokaci Muhammad Bn Abdul wahab ya bar Madina zuwa wasu garuruwan musulmi a inda ya yi shekara hudu a Basra sannan ya yi shekara biyar a Bagdad sannan ya yi shekara daya a garuruwan kurdawa, sannan ya yi sheka biyu a Hamadan. Bayan wani lokaci kuma ya bar nan ya koma Isfahan ya zauna can sannan ya wuce Kom ya zauna a can zuwa wani lokaci. Sannan ya bar nan zuwa Basra wanda a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Basra ne ya tsaya a garin Ihsa, daga nan ne kuma ya tafi Huraima inda yake nan ne garin da babansa yake zaune.
Duk tsawon lokacin da mahaifinsa yake raye bai cika yin magana ba, sai dai wani lokaci jayayya takan kama tsakaninsa da mahaifinsa. Amma bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekara ta 1153BH sai ya yaye hijabin da ya rufe akidunsa (Alusi Tarihin Bagdad shafi na 111- 113).
Kiran da Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab ya fara yi duk ya rikita al’ummar garin Huraima, abin da ya tilasta masa barin wannan gari zuwa garin Uyaina wanda yake a can ne aka haife shi sai ya koma can domin ya zauna a wannan gari. Ya kasance ya samu alaka da hakimin wannan gari na wannan lokaci wato Usman Bn Ma’amar ta yadda ya gabatar masa da wannan sabuwar akida tasa ya kuma neme shi da ya taimake shi wajen yada wannan akida tasa. Amma ba da dadewa ba sai Hakimin Ihsa wanda yake sama da hakimin Uyaina yake ya nuna rashin jin dadinsa a kan wannan aiki nasa. Sannan ya ba shi umarni da ya fitar da Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab daga wannan gari.
Sakamakon ya zamar wa Muhammad Bn Abdulwahab tilas a kan ya zabi gari na uku domin ya zauna can, sai ya kama hanyar garin Dir’iyya wato garin da Muhammad Bn Sa’ud yake mulki wanda yake kaka ne ga Ali Sa’ud.
Bn Abdulwahab ya gabatar da da’awarsa ga hakimin wannan gari, kuma suka kulla alkawari a kan cewa Bn Abdulwahab zai dauki bangare malanta yayin da shi kuwa sarkin gari zai dauki abin da ya shafi mulkin gari. Domin su kara karfin wannan dangantaka sai suka samar da alakar aure a tsakaninsu.
Ibrahim Muhammad Sa'id
+989368244976, +2348068985568
Ibraheemsaeedkano@gmail.com,
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